EDUCATIONAL MIGRATION AS AN INTEGRAL PART OF INTELLECTUAL MIGRATION IN UKRAINE
Belozorova A.
Kharkiv, Ukraine
Korovina N.
Kharkiv, Ukraine
Pages: 140-148
Original language: Ukrainian
DOI: 10.21272/1817-9215.2020.3-15
The article examines the relationship between educational and intellectual migration on the example of Ukraine. It is noted that usually educational migration is considered as a separate form of migration, it is associated with the stage of formation and accumulation of intellectual potential. While intellectual migration, traditionally understood as the relocation of workers of intellectual labor and creative intelligentsia, is associated with the stage of use of intellectual capital. Therefore, these two streams have so far been considered separately. In order to better understand the current role of educational migration, the processes of departure of Ukrainian students abroad and receiving educational services by foreign students in the domestic economy are considered. The paper also identifies the main directions and scales of educational migration flows in the country.
The role of universities as institutions for attracting the intellectual potential of foreign countries to recipient countries in order to increase their competitiveness in the further development of the knowledge economy in the global dimension is substantiated. Based on the analysis of assessments of the causes and factors of the outflow of young people from Ukraine to study, it is substantiated that the quality of education is not the main value that students are looking for. It is found that in the current conditions of economic, political and military crisis, their main motive is emigration to a permanent place of residence in more politically stable and economically successful countries.
The existence of a serious problem of lack of proper methods of data collection and statistical analysis in the field of educational and intellectual migration is emphasized, the data of official statistics are incomplete and do not reflect the whole picture of educational and intellectual migration. The benefits of educational immigration are identified and described, as well as the losses of the Ukrainian economy from the outflow of intellectual capital in the form of educational migration and the departure of highly qualified personnel. It is concluded that to change the situation it requires an effective migration policy, which should include the interests of the country's economy based on the acquired knowledge of migrants obtained abroad. The ultimate goal should be the introduction of an effective mechanism for the free movement of migrants and the transformation of irreversible emigration into temporary, because stopping migration in the context of globalization is an impossible phenomenon.
Keywords:1. Global Migration Indicators 2018. URL: International Organization for Migration, Global Migration Data Analysis Centre, Germany. 2018 / https://publications.iom.int/system/files/pdf/global_migration_indicators_2018.pdf.
2. International students. Migration Data Portal. URL: https://migrationdataportal.org/themes/international-students
3. Global Migration Indicators 2018. International Organization for Migration, Global Migration Data Analysis Centre, Germany. 2018. URL: https://publications.iom.int/system/files/pdf/global_migration_indicators_2018.pdf.
4. Єгор Стадний/ Українське студентство за кордоном: дані до 2017/18 навчального року. URL: https://cedos.org.ua/uk/articles/ukrainske-studentstvo-za-kordonom-dani-do-201718-navchalnoho-roku.
5. Річний звіт Національного агентства із забезпечення якості вищої освіти 2019 рік. URL: https://naqa.gov.ua/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/%D0%97%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82-2020.pdf.
6. Іноземні студенти в Україні. URL:https://studyinukraine.gov.ua/zhittya-v-ukraini/inozemni-studenti-v-ukraini/.
7. Державна служба статистики України. URL: www.ukrstat.gov.ua/.
8. Ясинчук Л. Відтік мізків з України набирає сили. URL: https://expres.online/archive/main/2018/01/27/281999-vidtik-mizkiv-ukrayiny-nabyraye-syly.
9. Інноваційна діяльність в Україні у 2019 році: науково-аналітична доповідь / Т.В. Писаренко, Т.К. Кваша, Рожкова Л.В., О.В. Коваленко – К.: УкрІНТЕІ, 2020. – 45 с.
10. Олег Климчук. Українські спеціалісти їдуть з країни, щоби (не) повернутися. URL: https://p.dw.com/p/2YLm0.
11. Education Indicators In Focus. OECD, 2013. URL: https://www.oecd.org/education/skills-beyond-school/EDIF%202013--N%C2%B014%20(eng)-Final.pdf.
12. Онсвітня міграція з України: сучасні тенденції / Т. О. Гнатюк // Науковий вісник Міжнародного гуманітарного університету. Серія : Економіка і менеджмент. - 2018. - Вип. 33. - С. 85-89. URL: http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/Nvmgu_eim_2018_33_13.
13. Позняк О.В. Зворотня міграція до України: обсяг і характеристики поверненців // Демографія та соціальна економіка, 2019, № 1 (35) . с. 82-96. URL: https://dse.org.ua/arhcive/35/6.pdf.
14. Ольга Купець. Міжнародна мобільність українських педагогів і науковців/Міжнародна організація праці, Група технічної підтримки з питань гідної праці та Бюро МОП для країн Центральної та Східної Європи. – Будапешт МОП, 2013. URL: https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---europe/---ro-geneva/---sro-budapest/documents/publication/wcms_244739.pdf.
15. Капіца Б. Декілька міфів про навчання за кордоном. URL: http://m.day.kyiv.ua/uk/article/blog-lshzh/dekilka-mifiv-pro-navchannya-za-kordonom.
16. Лакомова А.А., Хусяинов Т.М. Образовательная миграция: причины и особенности получения высшего образования за рубежом. URL: https://nbpublish.com/library_get_pdf.php?id=33084.