Relevance of research. The actualization of the assessment of the financial condition of the enterprise from the standpoint of possible bankruptcy is indisputable, taking into account the impact of both external and internal factors on the work of the enterprise. The purpose of the study: to develop a methodological approach to preventive assessment of the financial condition of the enterprise, taking into account internal and external factors influencing its economic activity from the standpoint of possible bankruptcy. Methodology and scientific methods: methods of comparative analysis, economic-mathematical modeling, system approach are used. Research results: the article considers scientific trends and problems of assessing the financial condition of enterprises using different methodological approaches. The most well-known formed discriminant models of foreign and domestic scientists are characterized, taking into account their advantages and disadvantages in conducting economic assessment of the financial condition of enterprises. Features and possibilities of application of these models at the domestic enterprises of a machine-building complex are stated. The necessity to develop a dynamic operational model of preventive management is substantiated, which makes it possible to take into account both internal and external national factors and foreign indicators. Unlike the existing ones, this model considers not only financial indicators (profitability ratio, current liquidity ratio, asset turnover, autonomy ratio), but also their importance in the dynamics, as well as taking into account external factors of the country in which the company operates. A new methodological approach for assessing the financial condition of the enterprise with the inclusion of national factors of enterprises and performance indicators of foreign economic entities is proposed. The proposed method of assessing the company in the dynamics in relation to each time to the previous year in terms of bankruptcy characterizes the effectiveness of management and is a signal to take precautions regardless of the stage of the life cycle of the enterprise or its products. The information support of this model serves as a basis for the formation of the company's self-management system. Research framework / possibility of using the results: the proposed methodological approach has an international character and can be used by single-industry enterprises of different countries to assess their financial and economic, marketing, organizational, production, logistics activities, especially when looking for business partners. Practical significance: assessment of the bankruptcy probability index at 12 machine-building enterprises of Ukraine was carried out, conclusions were made on the location of enterprises in the bankruptcy zone. Social consequences: the results of this assessment lead to management decisions by the management of machine-building enterprises on the optimization of jobs, labor movement, internal and external staff rotation.